Customized Fault Management System for Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Automation System

Supply disruption such as overloading will cause interruptions of electricity supply to customers. the technicians have to manually locate the fault point and this tedious work may last for extended periods of time. The other reasons are the lack of use of efficient tools for operational planning and advanced methodology for quick detection of fault, isolation of the faulty section and service restoration. Currently, fault detection, isolation and service restoration takes a long time causing the interruption of supply for s longer duration

Development of Customized Distribution Automation System (DAS) for Secure Fault Isolation in Low Voltage Distribution System

A Customized SCADA based RTU for service substation and customer service substation is developed by using the open loop concept for the distribution networks. Currently, the SCADA system in the low distribution system implemented by TNB only focuses on alarm monitoring. SSO has to operate the control functions at the HMI side. The operator needs to analyze the situation and to make appropriate actions. A Customized SCADA is built to provide automatic fault isolation for low distribution system. In this chapter, the proposed methodology is summarized with the experimental results and conclusion based on the results is also highlighted

Development of a New Modeling Circuit for the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) with GSM Communication

This paper introduces the design and development of Intelligent Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) which is to be applied as an automation technique for operating and controlling the low voltage (LV) downstream of 415/240V to enhance reliability of power for the consumers. The design proposed based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication and this paper also presents as efficient design for distribution automation system and its implementation in remote/automatic monitoring and controlling of the relays (circuit breaker) by means of GSM Short Message Service (SMS) services, automatic decision making and continuous monitoring of distribution system components in real time. The system has been equipped with microcontroller as a main component which act as an RTU programmed using Microcontroller PRO compiler software. The RTU provides monitoring fault operation, controlling functions and data collection for analysis. RTU will initiate the transaction with the digital and output modules. The master of this system is RTU and the slaves are digital and output modules. RTU plays an important role in detecting fault and assigned to serve message immediately in the control room. This system involves the detection of fault connected to the microcontroller(PIC18F77A) and GSM modem. When the fault occurs, the sensor will send the signals to the PIC16F77A. The PIC is programmed to process the data and send the signals to the GSM modem. Once received the data, GSM will send the message to the control room operators or other authorized personnel to alert them on the current situation through cellular phone. The results are then communicated between hardware circuit and simulation circuit for the final conclusion with the properly functional algorithm

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Hardware Design and Implementation Efficient in Different Application

This paper introduces the design and the development of RTU module with small remote telemetry unit suitable for different application in low voltage system. The design based on microcontroller which represents the intelligent brain of any low cost RTU. Small sizes RTU are responsible for data acquisition in substations and accomplishment of central station commands. This paper presents a new hardware design for an RTU that performs based on a PIC16F877 device operating at 20MHz and runs from a 9-24V AC/DC supply. The design is composed of four main modules with its own components in the architecture which include communication interface, analogue input, digital input and digital output. All operational tasks will be handled by non-expensive distribution automation system through it intelligent RTU by providing the best solutions without human intervention. Only Intelligent RTU together with the SCADA is capable to perform intelligent decisions on the distribution automation tasks. An intelligent Microcontroller based RTU for distribution automation system is proposed to innovate and renovate the downstream part of the power distribution system including the most advance communication networking system. This method utilizes automation concept of creating an intelligent RTU through modification and innovations

Speed drive based on torque slip characteristic of the single phase induction motor

Most of the researches for adjustable speed drive focused on voltage amplitude control. However, its only control speed in the constraint limits. Adjustable frequency drives have not been widely used with single-phase induction motors. The scalar control law used for many three-phase inductions motor cannot be used in all operating regimes of the single-phase motor. Calculations show that the slip of the single-phase induction motor is not constant with changes in frequency at a constant load torque. A constant 'volts per hertz' law is found to give approximate rated torque over a portion of the upper speed range, but the maximum available torque decays rapidly below 50% of the base frequency. This paper aims to study the behavior of the single phase induction motor's torque and slip characteristic under variable frequency operation. By holding the level of magnetization constant, a control law can be achieved. This method is implemented for the practical adjustable speed of the single-phase induction motor. If time permit, the final draft paper includes the practical experimental results to compare the simulation results in order to achieve satisfactory agreement for torque and slip behavior of single-phase induction motors driven from variable frequency supplie

A Review of Communication Protocols for Intelligent Remote Terminal Unit Development

This paper reviewed all the possible interfacing communication protocols for remote terminal unit (RTU). Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a central station that can communicate with other network using the protocol. Fundamentally, the architectures of all networks are based on the seven layers of open system interconnection (OSI) and International Standard Organization (ISO). The objective of designing the protocols is to check the status of all the input and output field devices and send the report according to that status. The corresponding protocol and communication parameters between the connecting devices will be included in designing a complex SCADA system. The available protocols to develop the communication of RTU are Modbus/ASCII, distribute network protocol(DNP3), controller area network (CAN), International Electro-technical Commission (IEC 60870), and transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP)

Development of the Malaysian Skills Certification for Lecturers in Tertiary TVET Institutions

Competency framework is a tool that sets out and defines a list of competencies that is required for a profession. It is a framework that a profession needs to perform their job effectively. This paper discusses a competency framework developed for technical lecturers under the Malaysian Skills Certification (Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia - SKM). TVET lecturers are tertiary level educators who teach practice and application oriented (PAO) based programmes at technical universities. The competency framework was developed using DESCUM (Develop a Standard Curriculum) method. The framework was published as an occupational standard under the National Occupational Skill Standard (NOSS) for TVET Implementation and Development. Nine competency units identified to be critical and important for a TVET lecturer to have are described in this paper. It comprises eight core competency units and one elective competency unit with thirty-four work activities. The work activities cover the roles and responsibilities of a lecturer, namely teaching, research and publication as well as consultation services. It is hoped that the competency framework for TVET lecturers will be a platform to assure the quality of TVET education at tertiary level and improve the Malaysian national higher education and economic landscape in the long run

The Development of TVET Educator Competencies for Quality Educator

Malaysia is taking steps to strengthen policy guidance and regulatory frameworks for technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and to improve its governance and programme implementation for  economic transformation and sustainable development. The transformation requires that TVET educators are well prepared to face the challenges of globalization so that Malaysian educators can stand tall and be committed to support an education system that can fulfil the needs and aspirations of a nation. The objective of this paper is to propose the effective competency of a TVET Educator in Malaysia context based on the four series of focus group discussion (FGD). This paper explains the development process of the TVET Educator competencies and the final component generated from the professional and expert in TVET Educator’s Education. The outcome this study concludes the three main components namely Personal Traits and Professionalism; Teaching and Learning and Training and Technical and Innovation. The development of these competencies is to ensure that the quality TVET Educators produce competent TVET graduates who are capable to meet the requirement of industries and professional bodies. Nevertheless, it is important for the TVET providers, industries, communities and the Government to collaborate towards achieving a status of high income nation. &nbsp

A Low Cost Wireless Data Acquisition System for Distribution Automation System

This paper presents the design and development of a 16F877A microcontroller-based wireless data acquisition system. Besides that, this paper also presents study of the possibility of different existing methodologies that linked to field data acquisition from distribution automation systems. Various existing data transmission technique was studied, especially for wireless systems such as satellite, radio, GSM and paging. The hardware and software implementation are described in this paper. The system will be used for reading, storing and analyzing data that obtained from DAS. The wireless communications are based on the GSM network. The laboratory results are compared with the simulation results to make the final conclusion of the algorithm function properly

Development of a novel fault management in distribution system using distribution automation system in conjunction with GSM communication

The paper develops and implement a novel fault management in distribution automation systems (DAS) at low voltage to enhance reliability of power for the consumers. The proposed fault management system is design based on GSM (global system for mobile) communication. The system has been equipped with current sensor as field data interface devices, microcontroller as remote terminal unit, GSM as communication network, computer as master terminal unit and visual basic as human interface (HMI) software. A fault management strategy is also designed to find out the fault location effectively without human intervention after a fault occurred. The laboratory results are compared with the simulation results to make the final conclusion on the functionality of the algorithm